Units and abbreviations most equations are in atomic units, where the reduced plancks constant, the elementary charge, e, the electron mass, me, and the bohr radius, a0, are all equal to one. Rp photonics encyclopedia high harmonic generation, hhg. The progress in the high harmonic generation hhg technique has raised significant interest in the generation of attosecond pulses. Quantum optimal control theory of high harmonic generation. Nov 08, 2017 high harmonic generation hhg in the two topological phases of a finite, onedimensional, periodic structure is investigated using a selfconsistent timedependent density functional theory tddft approach. Highorder harmonic spectroscopy of molecular structure. Ellipticity dependence of highharmonic generation in. Highharmonicgeneration hhg is a highly nonlinear upconversion process, in which an incident radiation eld is converted into high multiples harmonics of the incoming frequency.
The system delivers carrierenvelope phase stable, 8fs, 10. Ellipticity dependence of highharmonic generation in solids originating from coupled intraband and interband dynamics nicolas tancognedejean 1,2, oliver d. Margaret murnane over the last twenty years, highorder harmonic generation has emerged as a scienti. July 15, 2019 high harmonic generation hhg in crystalline solids have been examined so far on the basis of onebody. Propagationenhanced generation of intense highharmonic.
Interband response and the harmonic cutoff larisa a. Generation and control of highharmonic radiation opus wurzburg. Integrated high quality factor lithium niobate microdisk resonators cheng wang,1,2michael j. The most striking finding of our analysis is the dependence of the harmonic yield on the laser pulse duration. High harmonic generation hhg is an extremely nonlinear effect, where a medium is driven by a strong laser field. Large second harmonic generation shg effect and high. Many researchers are pushing for long wavelength driver pulses for high harmonic generation hhg. Highharmonic generation in a correlated electron system. Enhanced highorder harmonic generation driven by a wavefront. Kapteyn date the nal copy of this thesis has been examined by. Both modal phase matching in fixedwidth waveguides and. Enhancement of the conversion efficiency of highorder harmonics hhg generated from an atom in the superposition of two quantum states instead of the ground state is essential because of the recent application in the generation of ultrashort isolated attosecond pulses. Osa highharmonic generation in solids driven by subcycle.
Madsen, highorder harmonic generation from polyatomic molecules including nuclear motion and a nuclear modes analysis, phys. High harmonic generation in periodic systems peter g. A very intense laser pulse i approximately10sup 10sup 14 wcmsup 2 is focused into a dense approximately10sup l7 particlescmsup 3 atomic. High harmonic generation hhg, as an ionizationinitiated strong. In this work, we demonstrate hhg as a new spectroscopic method for determining the molecular structure of simple linear molecules such as n. Pdf highharmonic generation in amorphous solids researchgate. The dependence of the high harmonic conversion efficiency in noble gases on experimental parameters is analyzed. Highharmonic generation hhg in the two topological phases of a finite, onedimensional, periodic structure is investigated using a selfconsistent timedependent density functional theory tddft approach. Jregime at a high repetition rate, ideal for stable pulses to drive high harmonic generation applications. Ellis has been approved for the department of physics prof. Large second harmonic generation shg effect and high laser. The approach includes the relevant interband polarizations and intraband currents. We present theoretical aspects of highharmonic generation hhg in this chapter. Pdf highharmonic generation in quantum spin systems.
We report generation of high harmonics in a gasjet pumped by pulses self compressed in a hefilled hollow core photonic crystal fiber through the soliton effect. Pdf we report the extension of hollowcore fibre pulse compression to longer wavelengths. Pdf highharmonic generation in isolated atoms and molecules has been widely utilized in extreme ultraviolet photonics and attosecond pulse metrology find, read and cite all the research. It combines mathematicas analytical integration capabilities with its numerical calculation capacities to offer a fast and userfriendly plugandplay solver for calculating hhg spectra and other properties. Highharmonic generation in isolated atoms and molecules has been widely utilized in extreme ultraviolet photonics and attosecond pulse metrology. High harmonic generation, or hhg, is an extreme high order nonlinear process that converts ir or visible light into extreme ultraviolet and even xrays. Enhanced high order harmonic generation driven by a wavefront corrected high energy laser yang wang1, tianyi guo1, jialin li1, jian zhao1, yanchun yin1, xiaoming ren1, jie li1,yiwu1, matthew weidman1,2, zenghu chang1. However, this hasbeen effective onlyforhigh efficiency second harmonic generation 80% conversion,14 by utilizing a material with a high nonlinear susceptibility along the poling direction and a proper poling periodicity.
High harmonic generation hhg refers to the process of creating vacuum vuv or extreme xuv ultraviolet light through a nonlinear interaction of an intense laser field with a gas target. High order harmonic generation in rare gases unt digital. Highenergy multicycle infrared pulses are generated via. In this study, we first confirm the enhancement for a more real system with full threedimensional geometry and then. A robust way to produce these pulses is high harmonic generation hhg in a gas medium. The advantage of longer wavelengths is that the cutoff of the harmonic spectrum can be increased without the need for large electric fields. Second harmonic generation in nano structured thinfilm. Harmonic generation hg, also called multiple harmonic generation is a nonlinear optical process in which n photons with the same frequency interact with a nonlinear material, are combined, and generate a new photon with n times the energy of the initial photons equivalently, n times the frequency and the wavelength divided by n. Jregime at a high repetition rate, ideal for stable pulses to drive high harmonic generation applications kapteynmurnane laboratories. Sep 29, 2017 the mechanisms of high order harmonic generation in bulk system and dilute gas are different. Osa depletion effect in highorder harmonic generation. One can simply focus a femtosecond laser beam onto a gas target to achieve the frequency conversion process. Pdf high harmonic generation with longwavelength fewcycle. Enhanced highorder harmonic generation driven by a.
We report the first demonstration of highharmonic generation from plasma mirrors at a 1 khz repetition rate. High harmonic generation in solids beyond the atomic limit g. The results presented here supply a guideline for the optimization of hhg. High harmonic generation, symmetry and topology d bauer 1, h drueke, and k hansen2 1institute of physics, university of rostock, 18051, rostock, germany 2department of physics and astronomy, aarhus university, 8000, aarhus, denmark contact email. High harmonic generation hhg provides a flexible framework for the development of coher ent light sources in the extremeultraviolet and soft xray regimes. Under such conditions, the sample will emit the high harmonics of the generation beam above the fifth harmonics. Highorder harmonic generation from highly excited states. Rbsfa is a compact and flexible mathematica package for calculating high harmonic generation emission within the strong field approximation.
A microscopic theory is presented to describe high harmonic generation in solids with the semiconductorbloch equations. Note the difference in structure of harmonic peaks versus off harmonic lines \endwrapfigure modelling strongfield induced radiation near the ionization threshold requires. Harmonics up to nineteenth order are generated at peak intensities close to 1018 wcm2 by focusing 1 mj, 25 fs laser pulses down to 1. The high oam harmonics are formed in a seed beam red after the interaction with a pump beam with several oam modes in the nonlinear medium. The shape of the hh spectrum strongly depends on the cep. These atf developments laid the foundation for the linac coherent light source lcls and other leading worldwide fel projects. However, this hasbeen effective onlyforhigh efficiency secondharmonic generation 80% conversion,14 by utilizing a material with a high nonlinear susceptibility along the poling direction and a proper poling periodicity. Phase matching and coherence of highorder harmonic generation in hollow waveguides thesis directed by prof. Kapteyn high harmonic generation hhg is an extreme nonlinear optical process, in which visible. It is generally accepted that the harmonic yield increases for shorter pulse durations. Box 808, l477, livermore, california 94550 received february 19, 2001 the azimuthal dependence of thirdorder and cascaded secondorder nonlinear coupling are used to measure. Here we demonstrate efficient, phasematched second harmonic generation in lithographicallydefined thinfilm lithium niobate waveguides with submicron dimensions. Phase matching and coherence of highorder harmonic.
The appearance of even harmonic orders is shown to require at least three electronic bands and a mutual interband coupling between them. Sapphire lasers as well as many other wavelength ranges, covering second harmonic generation shg, third harmonic generation thg and fourth harmonic generation fhg. The current approach to attosecond pulse generation 3,6,14,17 is based on this phenomenon. This phenomenon is known as high harmonic generation hhg 7,8. Continuously wavelengthtunable high harmonic generation via. It is of great interest to control the high harmonic generation phenomenon in order to increase the intensity of the emitted eld at the frequencies of.
Currently, hhg provides the only tabletop source of extreme uv xuv and soft xray coherent radiation. A big challenge for nonlinear optical nlo materials is the application in high power lasers, which needs the simultaneous occurrence of large second harmonic generation shg. Laser consortium quantum optics and laser science group department of physics imperial college london. High harmonic generation in solids beyond the atomic limit. Osa highharmonic generation from plasma mirrors at. A big challenge for nonlinear optical nlo materials is the application in high power lasers, which needs the simultaneous occurrence of large second harmonic generation shg and high laser induced damage threshold lidt. Extreme ultraviolet xuv light source from high order harmonic generation has been shown to be a powerful tool for corelevel spectroscopy. Laser quantum manufacture the venteon opcpa, a system that combines fewcycle pulse duration with a pulse energy in the. Hawkins november 2016 this thesis is submitted in partial ful. Pdf highharmonic generation in isolated atoms and molecules has been widely utilized in extreme ultraviolet photonics and attosecond. The harmonixx product line is a series of frequency converters for ultrafast lasers. Highharmonic generation in solids university of arizona. Postdoctoral fellowships in attosecond physics pulse institute, stanford university, and slac national accelerator lab, menlo park, california, usa stanford pulse institute invites applications for postdoctoral fellowships in the area of experimental attosecond.
It enables the generation of attosecond pulses and can have applications in euv lithography and biomicroscopy. Ellipticity dependence of highharmonic generation in solids. High harmonic generation hhg is a fascinating phenomenon from both fundamental and technological point of view. Quantum theory of a high harmonic generation as a threestep. High harmonic generation hhg is a nonlinear process during which a target gas, plasma, or solid sample is illuminated by an intense laser pulse. Carrierenvelope phase dependent highorder harmonic. Integrated high quality factor lithium niobate microdisk. Highharmonic generation in quantum spin systems shintaro t aka yoshi, 1, 2 y uta murakami, 3 and philipp w erner 3 1 max planck institute for the physics of complex systems, dresden 01187, germany. High harmonic generation in a correlated electron system shohei imai, atsushi ono, and sumio ishihara department of physics, tohoku university, sendai 9808578, japan dated. The virtue of the present scheme is further supported by a good accord between the calculations in length and velocity gauges for the highenergy photon. Imperfect recollisions in highharmonic generation in solids. However, the energy upscaling of the process depends on a very demanding next generation laser technology that provides multiterawatt tw laser pulses with fewopticalcycle duration and controlled electric field. On the quantumoptical nature of high harmonic generation. Optimization of highharmonic generation springerlink.
Enhancing and controlling singleatom highharmonic generation. High harmonic generation physics 208a presentation october 11, 2004 tom allison uc berkeley. The process of high order harmonic generation in atomic gases has shown great promise as a method of generating extremely short wavelength radiation, extending far into the extreme ultraviolet xuv. Due to the coherent nature of the process, high harmonics generation is a prerequisite of attophysics. The rp photonics buyers guide contains 9 suppliers for high harmonic generation equipment. Article ellipticity dependence of highharmonic generation in solids originating from coupled intraband and interband dynamics nicolas tancognedejean 1,2, oliver d. Development and application of extreme ultraviolet light. High harmonic generation using a 2 micrometre opcpa. Highorder harmonic generation hhg is a nonlinear optical process for upcon verting coherent light from visible frequencies up to euv and soft xray. Enhanced highorder harmonic generation driven by a wavefront corrected highenergy laser yang wang1, tianyi guo1, jialin li1, jian zhao1, yanchun yin1, xiaoming ren1, jie li1,yiwu1, matthew weidman1,2, zenghu chang1, marieke f jager3, christopher j kaplan3, romain geneaux3, christian ott3, daniel m neumark3 and stephen r leone3,4 1institute for the frontier of attosecond science and. For harmonic photon energies smaller than the band gap, the harmonic yield is found to differ up to fourteen orders of magnitude for the two topological phases. The process can also be realized in any nonlinear optical kerr media supporting. There are optical processes, such as high harmonic generation 7 hhg, where independent oam and. Important applications include attosecond pulse generation.
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